/* Spron blog — shares the tokens used by index.html */
:root{
  --accent:#121212;
  --accent-hover:#242424;
  --accent-soft:#f4f5f7;
  --ink:#121212;
  --gray:#5a5b66;
  --gray-2:#8b8c99;
  --line:#e6e6ec;
  --bg-soft:#f4f5f7;
  --green:#12a463;
}
*{margin:0;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:90px}
body{font-family:'Albert Sans';font-size:16.5px;color:var(--ink);background:#fff;line-height:1.65;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;letter-spacing:-.005em}
a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}
.container{max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px}
h1,h2,h3,h4{font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.035em;line-height:1.15}
.eyebrow{--tag:#3186ff;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:6px 10px 6px 6px;border-radius:100px;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--tag) 10%,transparent);font-family:'Albert Sans';font-size:13px;font-weight:700;line-height:17.6px;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#000}
.eyebrow-icon{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:none;width:17px;height:17px;border-radius:5px;background:var(--tag);color:#f4f5f7;letter-spacing:0}
.eyebrow-icon svg{width:10px;height:10px;display:block;fill:currentColor;stroke:none}
.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:10px;font-family:inherit;font-size:15.5px;font-weight:500;padding:15px 30px;border-radius:999px;border:none;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;cursor:pointer;transition:.18s;letter-spacing:-.01em}
.btn:hover{background:var(--accent-hover)}

/* ---------- shell: announce + nav + footer (mirrors index.html) ---------- */
.announce{display:block;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;text-align:center;padding:11px 20px;font-size:15px}
.announce .tag{background:#fff;color:var(--ink);font-size:11px;font-weight:600;padding:2px 12px;border-radius:999px;margin-right:12px;letter-spacing:.06em}
.announce b{font-weight:600}
.announce span{opacity:.85}
.announce:hover .tag{background:var(--ink);color:#fff}
nav.site{background:#fff;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:60}
.nav-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;height:62px;gap:24px}
.logo{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;color:var(--ink);font-weight:700;font-size:23px;letter-spacing:-.045em}
.logo img{width:107px;height:31px;flex-shrink:0;display:block}
.nav-links{display:flex;gap:28px;margin-left:4px;margin-right:auto;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;color:var(--gray)}
.nav-links a{opacity:1;transition:.15s}
.nav-links a:hover,.nav-links a[aria-current]{color:var(--ink)}
.nav-dropdown{position:relative}
.nav-dropdown summary{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;list-style:none;padding:0;cursor:pointer;transition:.15s}
.nav-dropdown summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.nav-dropdown summary svg{width:14px;height:14px;stroke-width:2}
.nav-dropdown summary:hover,.nav-dropdown[open] summary{color:var(--ink)}
.nav-menu{position:absolute;top:calc(100% + 12px);left:0;min-width:140px;padding:6px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;z-index:2}
.nav-menu a{display:block;padding:7px 10px;white-space:nowrap}
.nav-menu a:hover{background:#f7f8fa}
.nav-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;flex-shrink:0}
.nav-signin{font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:var(--ink);padding:8px 17px;border-radius:999px;white-space:nowrap;transition:.15s}
.nav-signin:hover{background:#f7f8fa}
.nav-cta{font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background:var(--ink);padding:9px 20px;border-radius:999px}
.nav-cta:hover{background:var(--accent-hover)}
@media(max-width:980px){.nav-links{display:none}}
footer.site{background:#121212;color:#fff;padding:0;text-align:left;margin-top:0;border-top:1px solid #22242e}
.f-main{display:grid;grid-template-columns:200px minmax(320px,1fr) minmax(420px,1.25fr);align-items:center;gap:48px;padding:62px 0 66px}
.f-brand{align-self:start}
.f-brand .logo{display:inline-flex}
.f-social{display:flex;gap:10px;margin-top:24px}
.f-social,.f-legal{position:static;z-index:auto;background:transparent}
.f-social a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:42px;height:42px;border-radius:50%;background:#353535;color:#d7d7d7;transition:background .18s,color .18s,transform .18s}
.f-social a:hover{background:#4a4a4a;color:#fff;transform:translateY(-1px)}
.f-social svg{width:18px;height:18px;stroke-width:1.8}
.f-message{font-size:clamp(22px,2.25vw,30px);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.035em;line-height:1.18;color:#f7f7f7;max-width:440px}
.f-subscribe-form{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;width:100%;height:66px;padding:7px 8px 7px 24px;border-radius:999px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d5d5d5}
.f-subscribe-form:focus-within{border-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(255,255,255,.16)}
.f-subscribe-form input{flex:1;min-width:0;border:0;outline:0;background:transparent;color:var(--ink);font:inherit;font-size:16px}
.f-subscribe-form input::placeholder{color:#9b9b9b}
.f-subscribe-form button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex:none;width:50px;height:50px;border:0;border-radius:50%;background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;transition:background .18s,transform .18s}
.f-subscribe-form button:hover{background:#333;transform:translateX(1px)}
.f-subscribe-form button:disabled{opacity:.55;cursor:wait;transform:none}
.f-subscribe-form svg{width:21px;height:21px;stroke-width:1.8}
.f-consent{margin-top:14px;color:#848484;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5}
.f-consent a{color:#d7d7d7;font-weight:500}
.f-consent a:hover{color:#fff}
.f-success{display:none;color:#fff;font-size:15px;padding:21px 0}
.f-bottom{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;padding:30px 0 34px;border-top:1px solid #303030;text-align:left;font-size:13px;color:#9b9b9b}
.f-bottom p{flex:0 0 auto}
.f-legal{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-left:auto}
.f-legal a{color:#a7a7a7;white-space:nowrap}
.f-legal a:hover{color:#fff}
@media(max-width:980px){.f-main{grid-template-columns:180px 1fr;gap:42px}.f-subscribe{grid-column:1/-1}}
@media(max-width:700px){.f-main{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:34px;padding:48px 0}.f-brand{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.f-social{margin-top:0}.f-message{font-size:24px;max-width:520px}.f-subscribe-form{height:60px;padding-left:20px}.f-subscribe-form button{width:46px;height:46px}.f-bottom{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:18px}.f-legal{justify-content:flex-start;margin-left:0;gap:12px 20px}}
@media(max-width:420px){.f-brand{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column}.f-social{margin-top:4px}}

/* ponytail: native scroll-driven progress bar, no JS. Ignored where unsupported. */
.progress{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;height:3px;width:100%;background:var(--ink);z-index:80;transform-origin:0 50%;transform:scaleX(0);animation:grow linear;animation-timeline:scroll(root)}
@keyframes grow{from{transform:scaleX(0)}to{transform:scaleX(1)}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.progress{display:none}}

/* ---------- content-upgrade boxes (open the lead-capture modal) ---------- */
.content-upgrade{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;width:100%;text-align:left;background:var(--bg-soft);border:none;border-radius:16px;padding:24px 26px;margin:26px 0;font:inherit;cursor:pointer;transition:.15s}
.content-upgrade:hover{background:var(--accent-soft)}
.cu-icon-badge{flex-shrink:0;width:64px;height:64px;border-radius:999px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:28px;background:#fff}
.content-upgrade b{display:block;font-size:17px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin-bottom:6px}
.content-upgrade p{color:var(--gray);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:10px}
.cu-link{font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}

.cu-modal[hidden]{display:none}
.cu-modal{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:100;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:24px}
.cu-modal-backdrop{position:absolute;inset:0;background:rgba(12,13,16,.86)}
.cu-modal-card{position:relative;background:#fff;border-radius:20px;padding:44px;max-width:680px;width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:36px;z-index:1}
.cu-close{position:absolute;top:16px;right:18px;background:none;border:none;font-size:26px;line-height:1;color:var(--gray-2);cursor:pointer;padding:4px}
.cu-close:hover{color:var(--ink)}
.cu-modal-icon{flex-shrink:0;width:130px;height:130px;border-radius:999px;background:var(--accent-soft);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:52px}
.cu-modal-body h3{font-size:21px;margin-bottom:8px;max-width:360px}
.cu-modal-sub{color:var(--gray);font-size:14.5px;margin-bottom:18px}
.cu-modal-form{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.cu-modal-form input{flex:1 1 220px;font:inherit;font-size:15px;padding:13px 16px;border:1px solid #dcdce4;border-radius:10px;outline:none;min-width:0}
.cu-modal-form input:focus{border-color:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(12,13,16,.1)}
.cu-modal-form button{flex-shrink:0;font:inherit;font-size:14.5px;font-weight:600;padding:13px 22px;border:none;border-radius:10px;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;cursor:pointer}
.cu-modal-form button:hover{background:var(--accent-hover)}
.cu-modal .form-done{margin-top:14px;text-align:left}
.cu-fine{font-size:12px;color:var(--gray-2);margin-top:12px;max-width:360px}
@media(max-width:600px){.cu-modal-card{flex-direction:column;text-align:center;padding:32px 26px}.cu-modal-form{justify-content:center}.cu-modal-sub,.cu-fine,.cu-modal-body h3{max-width:100%}}

/* ---------- mid-article CTA (dropped after the intro paragraph) ---------- */
.mid-cta{background:var(--bg-soft);border-radius:18px;padding:28px 30px;margin:26px 0}
.mid-cta-label{font-size:17px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:16px}
.mid-cta-label b{font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.03em}
.mid-cta .nl-form{margin:0;max-width:100%}
.mid-cta .nl-form button{width:auto;height:auto;padding:12px 22px;border-radius:999px;font-size:14.5px;font-weight:500;white-space:nowrap}
.mid-cta-fine{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--gray-2);margin-top:10px}
.mid-cta .form-done{text-align:left}

/* ---------- newsletter band (top of post) ---------- */
.newsletter{background:var(--bg-soft);padding:46px 0;text-align:center}
.newsletter h2{font-size:clamp(20px,2.6vw,27px);margin-bottom:22px}
.newsletter h2 b{font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.045em}
.nl-form{display:flex;gap:8px;max-width:460px;margin:0 auto;background:#fff;border:1px solid #dcdce4;border-radius:999px;padding:6px 6px 6px 8px}
.nl-form:focus-within{border-color:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(12,13,16,.1)}
.nl-form input{flex:1;min-width:0;font:inherit;font-size:15px;padding:10px 14px;border:none;background:none;outline:none}
.nl-form button{flex-shrink:0;width:42px;height:42px;border:none;border-radius:999px;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;font-size:17px;cursor:pointer;transition:.18s}
.nl-form button:hover{background:var(--accent-hover)}
.newsletter .form-done{margin-top:0}

/* ---------- article head ---------- */
.post-head{padding:34px 0 52px}
.crumbs{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--gray-2);margin-bottom:30px}
.crumbs ol{list-style:none;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}
.crumbs li+li::before{content:'/';margin-right:8px;color:#c9c9d4}
.crumbs a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.post-head .inner{max-width:760px}
.kicker{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:18px}
.pill{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.04em;padding:5px 14px;border-radius:999px}
.kicker time,.kicker .rt{font-size:14px;color:var(--gray)}
.post-head h1{font-size:clamp(34px,4.6vw,52px);letter-spacing:-.045em}
.standfirst{font-size:19px;color:#3f4049;margin-top:20px;max-width:660px}
.byline{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-top:30px}
.byline:hover b{color:var(--accent)}
.avatar{width:42px;height:42px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-weight:600;font-size:16px;flex-shrink:0}
.avatar img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;border-radius:inherit}
.byline b{font-size:15px;font-weight:600;display:block}
.byline span{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--gray-2)}

/* ---------- layout ---------- */
.post-body{display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,1fr) 200px;gap:48px;align-items:start;padding:56px 0 90px}
.prose{max-width:720px;min-width:0}
.rail{position:sticky;top:90px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:28px}
.author-card{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px}
.author-card b{font-size:14.5px;font-weight:600;display:block}
.author-card span{font-size:13px;color:var(--gray-2)}
.author-card:hover b{color:var(--accent)}
@media(max-width:1000px){.post-body{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}.rail{position:static;order:-1;margin-bottom:40px}.author-rail{order:0;margin-bottom:32px}}

/* ---------- table of contents ---------- */
.toc{padding:0}
.toc h2{font-size:19px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:16px}
.toc ol{list-style:none;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}
.toc li{padding:8px 0 8px 18px;margin-left:-1px;border-left:2px solid transparent;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.4}
.toc li:has(a.active){border-left-color:var(--accent)}
.toc a{color:var(--gray)}
.toc a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.toc a.active{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}

/* ---------- prose typography ---------- */
.prose > * + *{margin-top:22px}
.prose h2{font-size:clamp(25px,3vw,32px);margin-top:56px;scroll-margin-top:90px}
.prose h3{font-size:20px;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin-top:38px}
.prose p{color:#26272e}
.prose a:not(.btn){color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}
.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:22px;color:#26272e}
.prose li{margin:9px 0}
.prose li::marker{color:var(--accent)}
.prose strong{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink)}

/* the 40–60 word direct answer that follows every question heading */
.answer{font-size:18px;color:#1b1c22}

/* ---------- boxes ---------- */
.tldr{background:var(--accent-soft);border-radius:20px;padding:28px 30px}
.tldr h2{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);margin:0 0 12px}
.tldr p{font-size:18.5px;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.55}
.takeaways{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:20px;padding:26px 30px}
.takeaways h2{font-size:17px;margin:0 0 14px}
.takeaways ul{list-style:none;padding:0}
.takeaways li{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:flex-start;font-size:15.5px;color:#33343d;margin:11px 0}
.takeaways li::before{content:'';width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--accent);flex-shrink:0;margin-top:9px}
.note{background:var(--bg-soft);border-radius:16px;padding:20px 24px;font-size:15.5px;color:#33343d}
.note b{color:var(--ink)}
.prose blockquote{border-left:3px solid var(--ink);padding-left:22px;font-size:19px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink)}
.prose blockquote cite{display:block;margin-top:12px;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;color:var(--gray-2)}
.figure figcaption{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--gray-2);margin-top:10px}

.visually-hidden{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap}
code{font-family:'Albert Sans';font-size:.88em;background:var(--bg-soft);padding:2px 6px;border-radius:5px}

/* ---------- table ---------- */
.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:16px}
table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:15px;min-width:520px}
th,td{text-align:left;padding:14px 18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}
th{font-weight:600;background:var(--bg-soft);font-size:13.5px;letter-spacing:.02em}
tr:last-child td{border-bottom:none}

/* ---------- inline cta ---------- */
.inline-cta{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border-radius:22px;padding:32px 34px}
.inline-cta h2{font-size:22px;margin:0 0 10px;color:#fff}
.inline-cta p{color:#a0a1ad;font-size:15.5px;margin-bottom:22px}
.inline-cta .btn{padding:13px 26px;font-size:15px}

/* ---------- faq ---------- */
.faq h2{margin-bottom:6px}
.faq details{border-bottom:1px dashed #c9c9d4}
.faq summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:24px;padding:20px 0;font-size:17.5px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.02em}
.faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.faq summary::after{content:'+';font-size:22px;font-weight:400;color:var(--gray)}
.faq details[open] summary::after{content:'–'}
.faq details p{padding:0 0 22px;color:var(--gray);font-size:16px}

/* ---------- author + related ---------- */
.author-box{display:flex;gap:18px;align-items:flex-start;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:20px;padding:26px 28px;margin-top:56px}
.author-box .avatar{width:54px;height:54px;font-size:19px}
.author-box b{font-size:16px}
.author-box p{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--gray);margin-top:6px}
.related{background:var(--bg-soft);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:72px 0}
.related h2{font-size:26px;margin-bottom:30px}
.cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:24px}
.card{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:20px;padding:26px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;transition:.18s}
.card:hover{border-color:var(--accent);transform:translateY(-2px)}
.card .eyebrow{color:var(--ink)}
.card h3{font-size:18.5px;line-height:1.3}
.card p{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--gray);flex:1}
.card .meta{font-size:13px;color:var(--gray-2)}
@media(max-width:860px){.cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

/* ---------- end cta ---------- */
.end-cta{text-align:center;padding:84px 0}
.end-cta h2{font-size:clamp(28px,3.6vw,40px);max-width:640px;margin:0 auto 14px}
.end-cta p{color:var(--gray);font-size:17px;max-width:520px;margin:0 auto 30px}
.form-done{display:none;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;color:var(--accent);background:var(--accent-soft);border-radius:16px;padding:18px 26px;max-width:520px;margin:0 auto}

/* ---------- blog index ---------- */
.blog-hero{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:46px 0 88px}
.blog-hero .crumbs{margin-bottom:62px}
.blog-hero h1{font-size:clamp(42px,6vw,72px);letter-spacing:-.055em;line-height:1.02;max-width:680px}
.blog-hero p{font-size:19px;color:#3f4049;max-width:590px;margin-top:24px}
.post-list{padding:72px 0 104px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px}
@media(max-width:860px){.post-list{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
.feature{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;gap:48px;align-items:center;background:#fff;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:28px;padding:48px 52px}
.feature h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3.4vw,36px)}
.feature p{color:var(--gray);margin-top:16px;font-size:17px;max-width:520px}
.feature .eyebrow{color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:14px}
.feature .meta{color:var(--gray-2);font-size:13.5px;margin-top:20px}
.feature .btn{margin-top:24px}
@media(max-width:860px){.blog-hero .crumbs{margin-bottom:48px}.feature{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:32px 26px}}